LINUX BASIC COMMANDS
1. whoami - Display the current logged-in user.
whoami - Shows username.
Example: whoami
2. pwd - Print the current directory path.
pwd - Outputs the current directory.
Example: pwd
3. . ls - Lists directory contents.
ls - Basic list.
ls -l - List with details.
Example: ls -la Directory
4. . cd - Change the current directory.
cd Directory - Changes to "Directory".
Example: cd /home
5. . mkdir - Create a new directory.
mkdir Directory - Creates "Directory".
Example: mkdir /home/Directory
6. . rmdir - Remove an empty directory.
rmdir Directory - Deletes "Directory".
Example: rmdir /home/Directory
7. touch - Create an empty file.
touch file - Creates "file".
Example: touch /home/Directory/newfile
8. rm - Delete files and directories
. rm file - Deletes "file".
rm -r Directory - Deletes "Directory" recursively.
Example: rm -rf /home/Directory
9. . cp - Copy files or directories.
cp file new_file - Copies "file" to "new_file".
cp -r Directory new_directory - Copies "Directory" recursively
. Example: cp -r Directory /backup/
10. mv - Move or rename files and directories
. mv file new_file - Renames "file" to "new_file".
Example: mv file /home/Directory/
11. cat - Concatenate and display file contents.
cat file - Shows contents of "file".
Example: cat file
12. less - View file content interac vely.
less file - Opens "file" in viewer.
Example: less file
13. more - View file content page-by-page.
more file - Views file with paging.
Example: more file
14. head - Show the first few lines of a file.
head -n 5 file - Shows first 5 lines
. Example: head file
15. tail - Show the last few lines of a file.
tail -n 5 file - Shows last 5 lines.
tail -f file - Shows last lines with live updates.
Example: tail -f /var/log/syslog
16. grep - Search within files.
grep "pa ern" file - Searches for "pa ern".
Example: grep -i error file
17. sed - Stream editor for modifying files.
sed 's/old/new/' file - Replace text.
Example: sed -i 's/foo/bar/g' file
18. wc - Count lines, words, and characters in a file.
Usage: wc file - Displays line, word, and character counts for "file".
Example: wc -l file - Counts lines in "file".
19. echo - Display a line of text. Usage:
echo "Hello World" - Outputs text to the screen.
Example: echo $PATH
20. free - Show memory usage.
Usage: free -h - Memory stats in human-readable format.
Example: free
21. tree - Show directory structure in tree format.
tree Directory - Displays "Directory" structure.
Example: tree /home
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